ANESTHESIA REGIONAL

5.4 REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA

Technique used for the interruption of sensory pathways  involves

the  use  of local anaesthetic agents at different sites  in  the

nervous system and can be used -

   1.  On mucosal surfaces

   2.  For subcutaneous infiltration

   3.  For nerve blocks

   4.  For regional blocks (spinal and   extradural anaesthesia)

       

   5.  For intravenous regional anaesthesia

Substances used are:

a) Cocaine is used essentially for topical anaesthesia and thus

   for operations in the nasal cavity in a concentration ranging

   from 4-20%.

b) Procaine (Novocaine) the substance was introduced in 1905 and

   is not effective topically but is much less toxic than

   cocaine.

   It can be used for subcutaneous infiltration in a 0.5%

   solution; 2% solution is required for nerve blocks.

c) Lignocaine (Xylocaine) 0.5% solution is used for local

   infiltration. 1-2% for nerve block. The relative advantages

   and disadvantages of procaine and lignocaine are there.

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