Urinary Bladder cancer

CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER

      Bladder malignancies are transitional cell tumours and, originate, from the transitional cells that line the bladder. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 6 to 8 percent, only 2% being adenocarcinomas.

9.1 Clinical Presentation

      Haematuria occurs in 75% of all patients.

      Patients may have an associated urinary tract infection.

      Bladder irritability is a presenting symptom in 30% of patients.

Fig 26.4

      Diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma can be made by urinary cytologic studies and further confirmed by cystoscopic examination and biopsy of the suspected area.

9.2 Treatment

      Tumours that have not invaded, may be controlled by either transurethral resection of fulguration. Once the tumour penetrates the muscle wall, there is a 30% mortality rate. Disease that penetrates into the muscle of the bladder is best managed by either partial or total removal of the bladder.

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