STD Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION

6.1 The virus

The  virus was first isolated from the blood of AIDS patients  in

1983  by Montagnier in France. He called it  the  lymphadenopathy

associated virus, or LAV.

*  In  1984  a virus  was isolated by  Gallo  and  colleagues  in

   America  and  they called it the  Human  T-Cell  Lymphotrophic

   Virus III

*  We now know that LAV and HTLV III are the same virus

In  May  1986,  the International Committee on  the  Taxonomy  of

Viruses renamed the virus Human Immunodeficiency Virus or HIV.

Since the discovery of another virus HIV-II, HIV is often  called

HIV-I.  The  Human Immunodeficiency Virus which  causes  AIDS  is

1/100,000  of millimeter in diameter. The outer coat is  made  of

lipid  membrane (Fig. 28.1). Inside the core there is  an  enzyme

called reverse trascriptase.

There  is  also some RNA which is the viral genetic  material  or

genome;  HIV  belongs to the family of  retroviruses,  which  can

incorporate  their genome into the genome of the host  cell,  and

cause a permanent infection. In most groups of viruses the genome

remains separate from the host of cell genome and the  infections

can be eliminated.

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