ANESTHESIA INTRODUCTION

ANAESTHESIA

1. INTRODUCTION

Surgical treatment of disease requires gaining access to deeper

tissues through the skin.

* The skin being a sensitive organ, is well provided with

sensory nerves.

* Thus,it becomes important to interrupt the sensory

pathways of skin and deeper tissues (anaesthesia)if

surgical treatment is to be given.

* There are essentially two primary modes of rendering a

patient insensitive to pain while undergoing surgical

procedure:

- General anaesthesia (central nervous system depression)

- Regional anaesthesia (local anaesthetic agents).

2. PRE-ANAESTHETIC EVALUATION

1. A thorough clinical examination of the patient is essential

to establish the health status of the patient.

2. To detect the effects of the disease process for which he is

undergoing the surgical procedure.

3. To detect any inter-current disease that he/she might be

suffering from.

 

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com

All older post are stored in archives for access.

Visitors that follow may post contributions to the site.

To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com

www.otmanage.blogspot.com

ONCOLOY 11

10.2 PALLIATIVE SURGERY

In cases where the carcinoma has spread and radical surgery

cannot be done. Palliative surgery is undertaken to bypass an

obstruction without removing the tumour (colostomy) and in some

cases to relieve the pain fig.

The use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in combination with

surgery in various TNM stagings and gradings is in practice to

improve treatment outcomes.

Any questions be sent to drmmkkapur@gmail.com
All older posts are stored in archives for access
Visitors that follow may post contributions.
To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com
www.otmanage.blogspot.com

ONCOLOGY 10 SURGERY

10. SURGICAL OPTIONS IN CARCINOMA

10.1 Curative Surgery

This is planned for those cases where the primary tumour is

confined to the organ and the involved lymph nodes and

intervening lymphatics can be removed in one continuity (en-

block).

This is also referred to as radical surgery. The GI Tract is

then reconstructed see fig above

Curative surgery for secondries or recurrance is also possible

with follow up with markers and practice of second look in

colonic surgery.

 

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmal.com

All older posts are stored in archives for access and review.

Visitors that follow may post contributions

To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.drmmkapu.blogspot.com

www.otmanage.blogspot.com

ONCOLOGY 9 tumor markers

SPECIFIC MARKERS                                      

9.1 Carcino embryonic antigen (CEA)

This  marker correlates well with the  presence of  carcinoma  in

the gastrintestinal tract especially mentioned in relation to  Ca

of  colon.   Na marker is available for oesophagus,  Stomach  and

pancreatic carcinoma.

Ovarian  CA  125  is  most  reliable  for  diagnosis  of  ovarian

carcinomas  Prostate carcinoma, Prostatic specific antigen  (PSA)

is useful marker for detecting prostate carcinoma

9.2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Serum  alpha feto protein (AFP) in 50-80% of patients with  liver

carcinoma, this marker is positive

Carcinoids 5 hydroxindole-acetic  acid (5HIRA)  is  useful  for

diagnosis and management of this tumour.

Fall in level of marker is indication of good response to treatment.

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com

All olderposts are stored in archives for access and review.

Visitors that follow may post contributions to the site.

To create consume/provider engagement visit www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com

www.otmanage.blogspot.com