SPECIAL BURNS
Chemical burns cause denaturing of protein, and disruption of
cellular integrity.
The degree of injury is dependent on the time of exposure, the
strength of the agent, and the solubility of the agent is tissue.
Alkali tends to penetrate deeper into tissues than does an acid.
One exception to this is hydrofluoric acid, which penetrates
lipid membranes very readily.
The major concern is evaluting patients who sustain electrical
injuries is that the surface injury, which may appear similar to
other burn injuries, is often not indicative of the extent of
injury.
In the local area of injury subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone
may be injured.
Electrical current flows along the path of least resistance and
therefore will pass through nerve and blood vessels
preferentially and cause injury to these tissues.
If the current passes through the torso of the patient, organ injury may result.
Injury of the heart is primarily associated with arrhythmia.
Injury of the other viscera including the pancreas and
gastrointestinal tract have been reported.
Late sequelae have been reported to occur months or even years
after electrical injury.
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