Carcinoma Esophagus 1 Causes Incidence Pathology

4.3 CARCINOMA OF OESOPHAGUS

The incidence of this disorder is variable.

-  In  the  United  States,it varies from  5  cases  per  100,000   

   population in whites to 20 per 100,000 in blacks per year.

-  The incidence is very high in the areas around the Caspian sea   

   North China and Russia.

-  In India the incidence is high in Kashmir and Assam.

The etiology is related to certain factors  principally :

*  Alcohol intake

*  Tobacco use

*  Malnutrition

*  Vitamin deficiency

*  Anaemia and

*  poor oral hygiene.

 

Intake  of  hot food and bevrages have also  been  implicated  in

India.

 

PATHOLOGY

 

  - The  lesion occurs most often (50%) in the mid third  of  the

    oesophagus,  about  a third of the case occur  in  the  lower

    third and upper third is involved in less than 20%

 

  - The lesion is most often (90%) a squamous cell carcinoma  but

    adenocarcinomas can occur at the lower end.

 

  - The tumour spreads through the wall of the oesophagus to  the

    adjoining structures. 

 

  - Spread to regional lymphnodes is also common.

 

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