Tuesday, February 18, 2014

LIVER & BILIARY TRACT 9 Portal hypertension treatment



PATHOLOGY

The collateral channesl that open up are:

*  The  coronary  veins that connect the  azygos  and  hemiazygos
   veins  (SV) with the oesophageal veins (PS) which are  dilated
   due to the increased pressure.

*  The  superior  hemorrhoidal veins (PS) that connect  with  the
   middle and inferior hemorrhoid veins (SV)

*  Umbilical (PS) and paraumbilical veins (SV) giving rise to the
   caput medusa.

*  Retroperitoneal veins.

OESOPHAGEO-GASTRIC VARICES

The  increase in pressure causes a dilatation of  the  submucosal
veins.

*  Later,  the mucosa atrophies and the wall of the  veins  forms
   the inner lining of the oesophagus.

*  The veins of the fundus of the stomach may also be involved.

*  Rupture  of these vessels can occur at any time  resulting  in
   serious manifestation of haematemesis.



TREATMENT

Treatment is directed at prompt control of the bleeding by :

*  Ballon tamponade with Sengstaken Blakmore tube Fig. above

*  Sclerotherapy of the bleeding veins

    5-6  cc  of  selorosant (Ethanomoline 5%) into  each  of  the
    venous  columns  a fibroptic gastoscope is required  and  the
    columns  are  injected above  the  gastroesophageal  junction
    other   sclerosants   used  are  absolute   alcohols   sodium
    morrhuate.

*  Surgical  treatment  attempts to reduce pressure by  a  porto-
   caval shunt operation or
   Splenic vein can be joined to the renal vein

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