Tuesday, January 12, 2016

Groin Hernias 3 Clinical


4.5 Clinical

All  these  hernias  present  with a  vague  pain  or  discomfort
associated with a bulge in the groin.

Clinical  diagnosis is made on the basis of the  relationship  of
the hernia to the pubic tubercle. Inguinal hernias are lateral  to
the tubercle femoral hearnia is medial to the tubercle.

Inguinal  hernias also need to be differentiated from  a  scrotal
hydrocele,   spermatocele,   orchitis,  testicular   tumours  and
hydrocele of the cord.

75% of all hernias occur in the groin half of these are  indirect
hernias and a 25% direct only 3% are femoral hernia

4.6 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
All hernia patients are examined supine and standing.

A scrotal hydrocele is not reducible.

There  is  no  cough  impulse and is  situated  entirely  in  the
scrotum,  the  testis  may not be palpable seprately  but  it  is
possible  to  get  above  the hydrocele  and  to  feel  the  cord
seperately. The hydrocele is also transilluminant. 


A  spermatocele is a distension of the epididymis and  is  filled
with fluid and sperms.

The clinical features are similar to those of a hydrocele  except
the swelling is smaller and situated above and behind the  testes
which is palpable separately.

An  orchitis  presents as a firm and tender scrotal  swelling  of
recent  onset  accompanied  with fever.  The  cord  may  also  be
tender (funniculitis).

A  testicular  tumour is a painless usually  symptomless  scrotal
swelling  which  is  firm in feel and heavy.   There  may  be  an
accompanying secondary hydrocele.

A  hydrocele of the cord is an unobilaterated portion  of  tunica
vaginalis.   The  cyst  is  palpable, along  the  course  of  the
spermatic  cord and may be in the inguinal canal or  scrotum,  it
moves  with  a pull on the cord and there is no  reducibility  or
cough impulse.

Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
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