Test For HIV Infection
Elisa, the test is inexpensive and easy to perform. It
is likely
to be the main HIV antibody screening test for some time
to come.
The ELISA test is highly sensitive. There are very
few false
negatives. A small percentage of false positive results
do occur.
The newer ELISA
tests hve both
high sensitivity and
high
specificity.
6.6 Transmission Of HIV
Scientists
have isolated HIV from most body
fluids. They have
found the virus in blood, semen, cerebrospinal
fluid, tears,
saliva,
breast milk, colostrum, urine, cervical
and vaginal
secretions.
In theory, any of these body fluids from
an HIV
infected
person could transmit
the virus. The
presence of
generalised
Kaposi's sarcoma or
cryptococcal meningitis are
sufficient by themselves for the diagnosis of AIDS.
Transmission Of HIV After Exposure To An Infected Source.
In 64% of all
reported cases of AIDS in adults in the USA,
upto
the end of 1987,
sexual contact was the only known risk
factor.
Most of the cases
were homosexual or bisexual men. Hetrosexual
intercourse is the
main route of transmission in
Africa, where
there are as many women infected as men. Hetrosexual
transmission
is becoming more common in the USA and Europe. We know
that it is
possible to be infected by a single act of intercourse
though the
chance is small.
The pattern of HIV
transmission is very like the pattern
of
transmission
of hepatitis B
virus. However, HIV
is less
infectious than hepatitis B
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