Adrenals anatomy

ADRENAL

1. ANATOMY

      Each adrenal gland weighs from 4-12 gms., the average being about 7 gms. in the adult.

The glands are superomedial to the upper poles of the kidneys.

* The right gland in its medial aspect is situated behind the vena cava

* The left gland is directly posterior to the tail of the pancreas. The arteries are from the renal, inferior phrenic and aorta (Fig. 32.1)

Fig 32.1

1.2 Veins

      On the right side, the hilar vein is short and wide and opens into the vena cava. On the left side, the hilar vein enters the left renal vein.

1.3 ADRENAL GLANDS

      There are two functional parts of the adrenal. The cortex and the medulla-with different embryologic origins. The cortex is derived from the fetal mesoderinal ridge and divided into zonaglomerulosa, zona fasciculata and zona reticular. These can be distinguished under the microscope.

1.3.1 The cortex secretes five principal hormones, all with steroids rings.

These are:

a) Corticosteroids

b) Mineralocorticoids

c) Androgens

d) Estrogens

e) Progesterones

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