4.3 CLINICAL EXAMINATION
History and physical examination of the breast is, perhaps, one
of the most important aids to diagnosis in a case of breast
lesion
* A firm to hard, painless mass in the breast of a female
over the age of twenty is highly suspect of malignancy.
* There are however,other significant clinical manifestations
- like indrawing of the nipple.
- asymmetry of the breast,
- involvement of the skin leading to
- fixity to the skin and orange peal appearance of the
skin, later frank infiltration and ulceration.
* There is on occasions a weeping eczematous condition,of the
nipple and areola in cases with underlying breast cancer
which is reffered to as Pagets' disease of the nipple
already mentioned above.
High risk factors are history of breast cancer in the patients past or in the family.History of cancer in situ in the patient ia also a high risk factor.
All these must be enquired into while taking a history and recorded.
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
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