6. SPECIAL INVESTIGATIONS
6.1 MAMMOGRAPHY
Mammography is an X-ray examination of the breast.
This technique is helpful in diagnosis in cases where the mass is
ill-defined in outline.
This is true mostly in large fatty breasts where tumours cannot
be easily felt.
6.2 THERMOGRAPHY
This techniqe measures the amount of heat in masses, since
tumours are more vascular they are detected by heat scanners as
hot spots on a film
It is worth remembering that infections may also be represented
as hot spots because of the accompanying vascularity.
To day a combination of:
Clinical examination
Ultrasound
And NMR are most depended on.
6.3 FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY(FNAC)
An experienced cytologist can usually give an accurate diagnosis
on the small amounty of cellular material made available by fine
needle aspiration of a breast lesion. The level of accuracy is
variable.
6.4 EXCISION BIOPSY
This method is perhaps the most dependable means of coming to an
accurate tissue diagnosis.
In all suspicious masses information can be obtained by frozen
sections and surgery planned during the same anaesthetic after
obtaining results.
6.5 ESTROGEN RECEPTORS
Estrogen sensitive target tissues (Breast, uterus etc.) have
specific protein receptors for this hormone.
* Breast cancer tissue can also retain ability to produce,
these receptors(receptor positive cases).
* These cases have a better prognosis and are responsive to
hormone manipulation. The change in hormonal environment
is achieved by:
i) Oophorectomy
ii) Stilbestrol therapy
iii) Tamoxifen therapy
Any questions be sent to drmmkapur@gmail.com
All older posts stored in archives for access and review,
Visitors that follow the sit may post contributions to the site.
To create consumer/provider engagement visit www.drmmkapur.blogspot.com
No comments:
Post a Comment