3. DUODENUM
The duodenum begins at the pylorus and ends to the left of the
midline at the level of second lumbar vertebra.
The duodenum is divided into four parts(fig above)
- the first part is the duodenal bulb and is related posteriorly
to the common bile duct
- and opens into the second part
- The third part crosses the midline
- and ends in the fourth part to the left of the midline and
leads into the Duoeno-jejunal junction.
The mucosa of the duodenum has a special feature of many branched
coiled secretory tubules which opens into the crypts, these are
the Brunner's glands, they secrete an alkaline mucus.
- The secretion contains a precursor of trypsin and is activated by
hydrochloric acid,the trypsin is required to break the fibrous
framework of ingested food.
- The duodenum also receives the secretions of the liver (bile) and
pancreas through the ampulla of Vater.
ENDOCRINE FUNCTION Fig.above
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
The arrival of chyme (fats and acids) acts as a stimulant for
release of CCK from distal duodenum into the blood stream.
- This causes contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the
sphincter of Oddi.
- It also causes a release of enzyme rich secretion of the
pancreas.
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